The unique landscape of Cappadocia with its tufa formations, cave churches and deep valleys is without comparison in the whole world. This landscape was created by the eruptions from Mt Erciyes and other volcanoes millions of years ago. The region was covered with an immense layer of tufa and with time, erosion of this soft volcanic rock by the forces of nature, the landscape of Cappadocia was created. ‘Fairy chimneys’ have been sculpted by wind and rain and man has carved cave houses, rock churches and created subterranean cities.

Cappadocia was also important in early Christian times. In the 2nd century AD the first Christian municipalities were founded and in the 4th century AD Christianity became the state religion. There are many churches to be seen with amazing frescoes ranging from the 6th century AD up to the end of the 18th century. Derinkuyu and Kaymaklı are amazing underground cities. Over 150 such cities have been discovered. Derinkuyu is the biggest and had at least eleven floors underground and had an estimated dimension of 7000 square yards. Derinkuyu was connected to other underground cities by tunnels, some of which were miles long.